{"id":156,"date":"2025-03-16T17:44:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-16T21:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/new\/?page_id=156"},"modified":"2025-03-16T17:44:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-16T21:44:46","slug":"the-history-of-czechs-and-slovaks-in-canada","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/our-community\/the-history-of-czechs-and-slovaks-in-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f v Kanad\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nikdo u\u017e asi p\u0159esn\u011b nezjist\u00ed, kdo byl prvn\u00edm \u010cechem, kter\u00fd stanul na p\u016fd\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed Kanady. Styky \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed s Kanadou maj\u00ed star\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. V t\u00e9to souvislosti b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na osobnost prince Ruprechta Falck\u00e9ho, narozen\u00e9ho 17. prosince 1619 v Praze, kter\u00fd se od roku 1661 \u00fa\u010dastnil jako prvn\u00ed guvern\u00e9r Spole\u010dnosti Hudsonova z\u00e1livu dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Kanady. V 18. stolet\u00ed p\u016fsobili v Kanad\u011b morav\u0161t\u00ed brat\u0159i, av\u0161ak ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku za\u010dali \u010de\u0161t\u00ed vyst\u011bhovalci p\u0159ich\u00e1zet do Kanady teprve v posledn\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi emigranty z rakousko-uhersk\u00e9ho mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Pat\u0159ili k nim i \u010dty\u0159i \u010de\u0161t\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i (Junek, Pangr\u00e1c, Dole\u017eal a Skokan), kte\u0159\u00ed se v roce 1884 usadili v Saskatchewanu a zalo\u017eili osadu Kol\u00edn bl\u00edzko m\u011bste\u010dka Esterhazy, pojmenovan\u00e9ho podle majitele prvn\u00ed Uhersko-americk\u00e9 osidlovac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 vyst\u011bhovalc\u016fm zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vala vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O prvn\u00ed vln\u011b emigrace z \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, je\u017e skon\u010dila v roce 1914, nem\u00e1me k dispozici p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, nebo\u0165 tehdej\u0161\u00ed statistiky zaznamen\u00e1valy pouze st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost, nikoli n\u00e1rodnost p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f. Teprve s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel Kanady po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v roce 1920, kdy u\u017e existovalo samostatn\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensko, prok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v Kanad\u011b \u017eije 8 840 \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f. Ob\u011b etnika se usazovala hlavn\u011b v Montrealu, Torontu a Winnipegu. Mezi p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci p\u0159evl\u00e1daly d\u011blnick\u00e9 a \u0159emeslnick\u00e9 profese, nechyb\u011bli v\u0161ak ani zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed se soust\u0159e\u010fovali do venkovsk\u00fdch osad, zejm\u00e9na v Albert\u011b (jedna z nich nese jm\u00e9no Prague), v Britsk\u00e9 Kolumbii a v Ontariu. P\u0159\u00edliv vyst\u011bhovalc\u016f z \u010ceskoslovenska do Kanady ve 20. letech rok od roku prudce s\u00edlil \u2014 v roce 1922 p\u0159ibylo do Kanady 110 osob, v roce 1928 ji\u017e 8 184, co\u017e byla v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina tehdej\u0161\u00edch \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch vyst\u011bhovalc\u016f do z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed. Ve 30. letech se p\u0159\u00edliv \u010desk\u00fdch emigrant\u016f v d\u016fsledku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize sn\u00ed\u017eil, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se dokonce vraceli do star\u00e9 vlasti. P\u0159esto t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u017eilo v Kanad\u011b p\u0159es 40 000 krajan\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b Karpatorus\u016f), z nich\u017e byla v\u011bt\u0161ina Slov\u00e1k\u016f (26 000, tj. t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 65 %). S t\u011bmito po\u010dty r\u00e1mcov\u011b koresponduje i \u00fadaj dr. Hn\u00edzda, zam\u011bstnance \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho konzul\u00e1tu v Montrealu, podle jeho\u017e odhadu \u017eilo v Kanad\u011b k 15. kv\u011btnu 1937 35 000 \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f, z nich\u017e 1\/5 p\u0159ipadala na \u010cechy, 3\/5 na Slov\u00e1ky a zbytek tvo\u0159ili N\u011bmci, Ma\u010fa\u0159i, Pol\u00e1ci, \u017did\u00e9 a podkarpat\u0161t\u00ed Rus\u00edni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prvn\u00ed krajansk\u00e9 spolky vznikaly p\u0159i kostelech a m\u011bly konfesion\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btskou organizac\u00ed byl t\u011blocvi\u010dn\u00fd spolek Sokol, zalo\u017een\u00fd \u010desk\u00fdmi horn\u00edky ve Franken v roce 1912. K daleko masivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spolk\u016f, je\u017e sdru\u017eovaly krajany rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 Kanad\u011b, v\u0161ak za\u010dalo doch\u00e1zet a\u017e v meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Z t\u0159ic\u00edtky krajansk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed byly nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed torontsk\u00fd \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd kulturn\u00ed klub a winnipe\u017esk\u00e1 T\u011blocvi\u010dn\u00e1 jednota Sokol. Ve Winnipegu byla ov\u0161em v polovin\u011b 30. let zalo\u017eena i vlivn\u00e1 Kanadsk\u00e1 slovensk\u00e1 liga, kter\u00e1 od po\u010d\u00e1tku prosazovala ideu samostatn\u00e9ho Slovenska. Proto\u017ee komunikace a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi krajany byla pro zna\u010dnou rozlehlost zem\u011b neoby\u010dejn\u011b nesnadn\u00e1, p\u0159ipadla d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u00faloha \u010desk\u00e9mu a slovensk\u00e9mu tisku, vyd\u00e1van\u00e9mu z iniciativy \u0159ady nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch a podp\u016frn\u00fdch spolk\u016f (zejm\u00e9na v Torontu a ve Winnipegu). V Montrealu vych\u00e1zely od roku 1929 Kanadsk\u00e9 noviny, t\u00fdden\u00edk s n\u00e1kladem 5000 v\u00fdtisk\u016f, je\u017e v\u0161ak musely b\u00fdt po odhalen\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch machinac\u00ed jejich vydavatele zastaveny, a tak funkci centr\u00e1ln\u00edho krajansk\u00e9ho periodika pot\u00e9 na pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhou dobu (1934\u20131948) p\u0159evzala Nov\u00e1 Vlas\u0165, vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 \u010ceskoslovenskou novin\u00e1\u0159skou spole\u010dnost\u00ed za redakce Martina Dud\u00e1ka a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku t\u00e9\u017e Stano Zubera. Sloven\u0161t\u00ed komunist\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vali v letech 1936 \u2014 1940 Hlas \u013eudu a od roku 1941 pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b a\u017e do p\u00e1du komunismu v \u010ceskoslovensku \u013dudov\u00e9 zvesti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm poj\u00edtkem kanadsk\u00e9 krajansk\u00e9 komunity, rozd\u011blen\u00e9 ve 20. a 30. letech vz\u00e1jemnou \u0159evnivost\u00ed a lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy, se stala obrana \u010ceskoslovenska v dob\u011b jeho ohro\u017een\u00ed nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem a po likvidaci republiky podpora \u00fasil\u00ed o jej\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed. St\u0159ediskem t\u011bchto snah byl zejm\u00e9na Montreal, kde se nap\u0159\u00edklad 27. b\u0159ezna 1938 konalo velk\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed na podporu integrity \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu a kde vznikl i V\u00fdbor na obranu \u010ceskoslovenska, kter\u00fd mezi krajany organizoval finan\u010dn\u00ed sb\u00edrky na Fond obrany. Dal\u0161\u00ed akce solidarity se starou vlast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pak kulminovaly v dob\u011b mnichovsk\u00e9 krize, se konaly na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech v Ontariu (mimo jin\u00e9 v Torontu, v Hamiltonu, v Sarnii na Huronsk\u00e9m jeze\u0159e, ve Windsoru \u2014 v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti americk\u00e9ho Detroitu \u2014 a v Niagara Falls).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po rozpadu \u010cSR a nacistick\u00e9 okupaci v b\u0159eznu 1939 do\u0161lo v kanadsk\u00e9m krajansk\u00e9m hnut\u00ed ke krystaliza\u010dn\u00edmu a sjednocuj\u00edc\u00edmu procesu, kter\u00fd vyvrcholil v roce 1940 spojen\u00edm dvou ned\u00e1vno vznikl\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, montrealsk\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho sdru\u017een\u00ed v Kanad\u011b a torontsk\u00e9ho Sdru\u017een\u00ed \u010cech\u016f, Slov\u00e1k\u016f a Karpatorus\u016f v novou organizaci s n\u00e1zvem \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed v Kanad\u011b. Toto sdru\u017een\u00ed se jednozna\u010dn\u011b (proti jeho programu se z\u00e1sadn\u011b stav\u011bla pouze Kanadsk\u00e1 slovensk\u00e1 liga) p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo k \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9mu zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu odboji, soustavn\u011b se sna\u017eilo z\u00edsk\u00e1vat kanadskou ve\u0159ejnost pro jeho podporu, pom\u00e1hat \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se dostali do Kanady, a organizovat n\u00e1bor dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f do \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch jednotek. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky uspo\u0159\u00e1dalo celou \u0159adu propaga\u010dn\u00edch akc\u00ed a sehr\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu p\u0159i organizaci programu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed (ministr exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Jan Masaryk, sen\u00e1tor Vojta Bene\u0161, protestantsk\u00fd teolog J. L. Hrom\u00e1dka). Z\u00e1jem o \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed soustavn\u011b probouzeli i \u010dlenov\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 mise v Ottaw\u011b. Kanad\u0161t\u00ed krajan\u00e9 se v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edleli na shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na podporu pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obnovy osvobozen\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska. Za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e stoj\u00ed, \u017ee piloti \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch perut\u00ed ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii se na sv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 \u00fakoly p\u0159ipravovali v kanadsk\u00fdch v\u00fdcvikov\u00fdch t\u00e1borech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zat\u00edmco \u010desk\u00e1 emigrace m\u011bla v meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd charakter, vyst\u011bhovalectv\u00ed od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji souviselo tak\u00e9 s politick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi v \u010ceskoslovensku. V letech 1939\u20131945 na\u0161lo v Kanad\u011b sv\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed Hitlerov\u00fdm re\u017eimem asi tis\u00edc \u010desk\u00fdch a tis\u00edc sudeton\u011bmeck\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V obdob\u00ed po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce prob\u011bhly dv\u011b velk\u00e9 vlny vyst\u011bhovalectv\u00ed do Kanady \u2014 po instalaci komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v \u00fanoru 1948 a po vp\u00e1du arm\u00e1d Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy v roce 1968. Slovensk\u00e1 slo\u017eka prvn\u00ed, t\u011bsn\u011b pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u011bhovaleck\u00e9 vlny p\u0159ivedla sice do Kanady i po\u010detnou emigraci lu\u010f\u00e1ckou, ale druh\u00e1, po\u00fanorov\u00e1, znamenala pro mnoho \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f z\u00e1chranu p\u0159ed politick\u00fdmi represemi gottwaldovsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Po zaveden\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 ostrahy \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch hranic se ov\u0161em po\u010det na\u0161ich emigrant\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do Kanady, podstatn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil. V letech 1951\u20131956 jich p\u0159ibylo asi 2 500 (v\u011bt\u0161inou pro\u0161li b\u011b\u017eeneck\u00fdmi t\u00e1bory v N\u011bmecku a v Rakousku) a b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 12 let, do srpnov\u00e9 invaze vojsk Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy v roce 1968, dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 500 osob. Mnoz\u00ed z nich se z\u00e1hy integrovali do kanadsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, ostatn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtali s t\u00edm, \u017ee se se znovunabytou svobodou zase vr\u00e1t\u00ed do vlasti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po srpnu 1968 p\u0159ijala kanadsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 imigra\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b poskytla azyl 12 000 uprchl\u00edk\u016fm z \u010cSSR. V roce 1971 zaznamenal ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed kanadsk\u00fd census 82 000 osob, kter\u00e9 se hl\u00e1sily k \u010desk\u00e9mu nebo slovensk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu. Do roku 1990 se pak do Kanady p\u0159ist\u011bhovalo dal\u0161\u00edch 9 000 \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f, \u0159ada z nich ov\u0161em nebyli lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed opustili \u010ceskoslovensko, ale ji\u017e star\u0161\u00ed usedl\u00edci z USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I kdy\u017e \u010ce\u0161i a Slov\u00e1ci netvo\u0159\u00ed velkou etnickou skupinu v Kanad\u011b a je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b jich aktivn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed v krajansk\u00fdch spolc\u00edch (odhadem asi 15 % z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu), je jejich pod\u00edl na kanadsk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed oblasti, nezanedbateln\u00fd. Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho exilu tvo\u0159\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e \u017did\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, sudet\u0161t\u00ed N\u011bmci, voly\u0148\u0161t\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i, podkarpat\u0161t\u00ed Rus\u00edni a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b tak\u00e9 Romov\u00e9, jich\u017e jenom v roce 1997 p\u0159icestovalo do Kanady asi 1 200.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nikdo u\u017e asi p\u0159esn\u011b nezjist\u00ed, kdo byl prvn\u00edm \u010cechem, kter\u00fd stanul na p\u016fd\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed Kanady. Styky \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed s Kanadou maj\u00ed star\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. V t\u00e9to souvislosti b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na osobnost prince Ruprechta Falck\u00e9ho, narozen\u00e9ho 17. prosince 1619 v Praze, kter\u00fd se od roku 1661 \u00fa\u010dastnil jako prvn\u00ed guvern\u00e9r Spole\u010dnosti Hudsonova z\u00e1livu dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Kanady. V 18. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":15,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157,"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156\/revisions\/157"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cssk.ca\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}